Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder involves extreme mood swings from depressive lows to manic highs.

During manic episodes people may experience:

• Feeling energized, euphoric, or invincible

• Needing little sleep

• Talking rapidly

• Impulsive behaviors

• Occasional psychotic symptoms

During depressive episodes people may experience:

• Persistent sadness or low mood

• Loss of interest

• Low energy

• Fluctuation in sleep patterns

• Difficulty concentrating.

Bipolar I disorder involves severe manic episodes lasting seven or more days that may require hospitalization, alternating with major depressive episodes.

Bipolar II disorder involves a less severe form of mania called “hypomania,” alternating with depression.

Cyclothymic disorder involves less severe episodes of mania and depression that persist for longer periods of time.

Bipolar disorder runs in families. Substance use, lack of sleep, and stress can trigger episode switches. The very first episode typically occurs in late childhood to early adult life, as it is rarer in adolescents. Diagnosis can often take years because bipolar disorder can be mistaken for regular depression, ADHD, or personality issues

Treatment requires mood stabilizers that are often paired with antipsychotic medications for manic episodes, or antidepressants for depressive episodes. Psychotherapy helps individuals address emotional and behavioral challenges through conversations with trained professionals and can help with bipolar disorder, especially right before episode switches. Maintaining medication adherence, regulating sleep, and managing relationships are all essential. Talk to your doctor about medication if needed.